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  • 3.7.x
  • Documentation version: 3.9

How to extend Page & Title models

You can extend the cms.models.Page and cms.models.Title models with your own fields (e.g. adding an icon for every page) by using the extension models: cms.extensions.PageExtension and cms.extensions.TitleExtension, respectively.

Title vs Page extensions

The difference between a page extension and a title extension is related to the difference between the cms.models.Page and cms.models.Title models.

  • PageExtension: use to add fields that should have the same values for the different language versions of a page - for example, an icon.

  • TitleExtension: use to add fields that should have language-specific values for different language versions of a page - for example, keywords.

Implement a basic extension

Three basic steps are required:

  • add the extension model

  • add the extension admin

  • add a toolbar menu item for the extension

Page model extension example

The model

To add a field to the Page model, create a class that inherits from cms.extensions.PageExtension. Your class should live in one of your applications’ models.py (or module).

Note

Since PageExtension (and TitleExtension) inherit from django.db.models.Model, you are free to add any field you want but make sure you don’t use a unique constraint on any of your added fields because uniqueness prevents the copy mechanism of the extension from working correctly. This means that you can’t use one-to-one relations on the extension model.

Finally, you’ll need to register the model using extension_pool.

Here’s a simple example which adds an icon field to the page:

from django.db import models
from cms.extensions import PageExtension
from cms.extensions.extension_pool import extension_pool


class IconExtension(PageExtension):
    image = models.ImageField(upload_to='icons')


extension_pool.register(IconExtension)

Of course, you will need to make and run a migration for this new model.

The admin

To make your extension editable, you must first create an admin class that sub-classes cms.extensions.PageExtensionAdmin. This admin handles page permissions.

Note

If you want to use your own admin class, make sure to exclude the live versions of the extensions by using filter(extended_object__publisher_is_draft=True) on the queryset.

Continuing with the example model above, here’s a simple corresponding PageExtensionAdmin class:

from django.contrib import admin
from cms.extensions import PageExtensionAdmin

from .models import IconExtension


class IconExtensionAdmin(PageExtensionAdmin):
    pass

admin.site.register(IconExtension, IconExtensionAdmin)

Since PageExtensionAdmin inherits from ModelAdmin, you’ll be able to use the normal set of Django ModelAdmin properties appropriate to your needs.

Note

Note that the field that holds the relationship between the extension and a CMS Page is non-editable, so it does not appear directly in the Page admin views. This may be addressed in a future update, but in the meantime the toolbar provides access to it.

The toolbar item

You’ll also want to make your model editable from the cms toolbar in order to associate each instance of the extension model with a page.

To add toolbar items for your extension create a file named cms_toolbars.py in one of your apps, and add the relevant menu entries for the extension on each page.

Here’s a simple version for our example. This example adds a node to the existing Page menu, called Page icon. When selected, it will open a modal dialog in which the Page icon field can be edited.

from cms.toolbar_pool import toolbar_pool
from cms.extensions.toolbar import ExtensionToolbar
from django.utils.translation import gettext_lazy as _
from .models import IconExtension


@toolbar_pool.register
class IconExtensionToolbar(ExtensionToolbar):
    # defines the model for the current toolbar
    model = IconExtension

    def populate(self):
        # setup the extension toolbar with permissions and sanity checks
        current_page_menu = self._setup_extension_toolbar()

        # if it's all ok
        if current_page_menu:
            # retrieves the instance of the current extension (if any) and the toolbar item URL
            page_extension, url = self.get_page_extension_admin()
            if url:
                # adds a toolbar item in position 0 (at the top of the menu)
                current_page_menu.add_modal_item(_('Page Icon'), url=url,
                    disabled=not self.toolbar.edit_mode_active, position=0)

Title model extension example

In this example, we’ll create a Rating extension field, that can be applied to each Title, in other words, to each language version of each Page.

Note

Please refer to the more detailed discussion above of the Page model extension example, and in particular to the special notes.

The model

from django.db import models
from cms.extensions import TitleExtension
from cms.extensions.extension_pool import extension_pool


class RatingExtension(TitleExtension):
    rating = models.IntegerField()


extension_pool.register(RatingExtension)

The admin

from django.contrib import admin
from cms.extensions import TitleExtensionAdmin
from .models import RatingExtension


class RatingExtensionAdmin(TitleExtensionAdmin):
    pass


admin.site.register(RatingExtension, RatingExtensionAdmin)

The toolbar item

In this example, we need to loop over the titles for the page, and populate the menu with those.

from cms.toolbar_pool import toolbar_pool
from cms.extensions.toolbar import ExtensionToolbar
from django.utils.translation import gettext_lazy as _
from .models import RatingExtension
from cms.utils import get_language_list  # needed to get the page's languages
@toolbar_pool.register
class RatingExtensionToolbar(ExtensionToolbar):
    # defines the model for the current toolbar
    model = RatingExtension

    def populate(self):
        # setup the extension toolbar with permissions and sanity checks
        current_page_menu = self._setup_extension_toolbar()

        # if it's all ok
        if current_page_menu and self.toolbar.edit_mode_active:
            # create a sub menu labelled "Ratings" at position 1 in the menu
            sub_menu = self._get_sub_menu(
                current_page_menu, 'submenu_label', 'Ratings', position=1
                )

            # retrieves the instances of the current title extension (if any)
            # and the toolbar item URL
            urls = self.get_title_extension_admin()

            # we now also need to get the titleset (i.e. different language titles)
            # for this page
            page = self._get_page()
            titleset = page.title_set.filter(language__in=get_language_list(page.node.site_id))

            # create a 3-tuple of (title_extension, url, title)
            nodes = [(title_extension, url, title.title) for (
                (title_extension, url), title) in zip(urls, titleset)
                ]

            # cycle through the list of nodes
            for title_extension, url, title in nodes:

                # adds toolbar items
                sub_menu.add_modal_item(
                    'Rate %s' % title, url=url, disabled=not self.toolbar.edit_mode_active
                    )

Using extensions

In templates

To access a page extension in page templates you can simply access the appropriate related_name field that is now available on the Page object.

Page extensions

As per the normal related_name naming mechanism, the appropriate field to access is the same as your PageExtension model name, but lowercased. Assuming your Page Extension model class is IconExtension, the relationship to the page extension model will be available on page.iconextension. From there you can access the extra fields you defined in your extension, so you can use something like:

{% load static %}

{# rest of template omitted ... #}

{% if request.current_page.iconextension %}
    <img src="{% static request.current_page.iconextension.image.url %}">
{% endif %}

where request.current_page is the normal way to access the current page that is rendering the template.

It is important to remember that unless the operator has already assigned a page extension to every page, a page may not have the iconextension relationship available, hence the use of the {% if ... %}...{% endif %} above.

Title extensions

In order to retrieve a title extension within a template, get the Title object using request.current_page.get_title_obj. Using the example above, we could use:

{{ request.current_page.get_title_obj.ratingextension.rating }}

With menus

Like most other Page attributes, extensions are not represented in the menu NavigationNodes, and therefore menu templates will not have access to them by default.

In order to make the extension accessible, you’ll need to create a menu modifier (see the example provided) that does this.

Each page extension instance has a one-to-one relationship with its page. Get the extension by using the reverse relation, along the lines of extension = page.yourextensionlowercased, and place this attribute of page on the node - as (for example) node.extension.

In the menu template the icon extension we created above would therefore be available as child.extension.icon.

Handling relations

If your PageExtension or TitleExtension includes a ForeignKey from another model or includes a ManyToManyField, you should also override the method copy_relations(self, oldinstance, language) so that these fields are copied appropriately when the CMS makes a copy of your extension to support versioning, etc.

Here’s an example that uses a ManyToManyField

from django.db import models
from cms.extensions import PageExtension
from cms.extensions.extension_pool import extension_pool


class MyPageExtension(PageExtension):

    page_categories = models.ManyToManyField(Category, blank=True)

    def copy_relations(self, oldinstance, language):
        for page_category in oldinstance.page_categories.all():
            page_category.pk = None
            page_category.mypageextension = self
            page_category.save()

extension_pool.register(MyPageExtension)

Complete toolbar API

The example above uses the Simplified Toolbar API.

If you need complete control over the layout of your extension toolbar items you can still use the low-level API to edit the toolbar according to your needs:

from cms.api import get_page_draft
from cms.toolbar_pool import toolbar_pool
from cms.toolbar_base import CMSToolbar
from cms.utils import get_cms_setting
from cms.utils.page_permissions import user_can_change_page
from django.urls import reverse, NoReverseMatch
from django.utils.translation import gettext_lazy as _
from .models import IconExtension


@toolbar_pool.register
class IconExtensionToolbar(CMSToolbar):
    def populate(self):
        # always use draft if we have a page
        self.page = get_page_draft(self.request.current_page)

        if not self.page:
            # Nothing to do
            return

        if user_can_change_page(user=self.request.user, page=self.page):
            try:
                icon_extension = IconExtension.objects.get(extended_object_id=self.page.id)
            except IconExtension.DoesNotExist:
                icon_extension = None
            try:
                if icon_extension:
                    url = reverse('admin:myapp_iconextension_change', args=(icon_extension.pk,))
                else:
                    url = reverse('admin:myapp_iconextension_add') + '?extended_object=%s' % self.page.pk
            except NoReverseMatch:
                # not in urls
                pass
            else:
                not_edit_mode = not self.toolbar.edit_mode_active
                current_page_menu = self.toolbar.get_or_create_menu('page')
                current_page_menu.add_modal_item(_('Page Icon'), url=url, disabled=not_edit_mode)

Now when the operator invokes “Edit this page…” from the toolbar, there will be an additional menu item Page Icon ... (in this case), which can be used to open a modal dialog where the operator can affect the new icon field.

Note that when the extension is saved, the corresponding page is marked as having unpublished changes. To see the new extension values publish the page.

Simplified Toolbar API

The simplified Toolbar API works by deriving your toolbar class from ExtensionToolbar which provides the following API:

  • ExtensionToolbar.get_page_extension_admin(): for page extensions, retrieves the correct admin URL for the related toolbar item; returns the extension instance (or None if none exists) and the admin URL for the toolbar item

  • ExtensionToolbar.get_title_extension_admin(): for title extensions, retrieves the correct admin URL for the related toolbar item; returns a list of the extension instances (or None if none exists) and the admin URLs for each title of the current page

How to implement content creation wizards
How to test your extensions